Substage 1.1. Monitoring green spaces with the use of drones, evaluating the phytosanitary status of plants in the pilot areas.

• The beginning of the activity

1. Four pilot areas were selected and examined

2. Dron Assistance SRL acquired: - 2 drones + cameras for multispectral analysis + SOFTS for video and photo monitoring of green areas: - 2 drones with tanks have been purchased that have a spraying capacity of 20 and 30 liters + accessories for tree processing.

3. Purchased plant protection products: - biofungicides and bioinsecticides for the treatment of green spaces in the pilot plots - 65 l, - chemical plant protection products purchased as standard - 6 l.

4. Pheromones purchased: Pheromonal bait for Cydalima perspectalis and Cameraria ohridella - 86 capsules with pheromones.

5. Purchased laboratory equipment: 150l autoclave, microscope, electronic scale, shaker.

The purchased video equipment has been installed on the UAVs and is working successfully. During the activities, new opportunities were demonstrated for the project partners in the monitoring and phytosanitary control of pests and diseases on trees of urban green species.

• Developing and carrying out monitoring activities of green spaces

1. Pilot areas were mapped using drones. 2600 photos were received and processed, from an area of 20 hectares. Three GIS maps of the pilot green spaces were drawn up.

2. An assessment of the condition of the green spaces in the pilot areas was carried out using hyperspectral images obtained with the help of a drone equipped with an RGB camera and a multispectral complex of 5 cameras. Multispectral analysis of tree condition was performed for 5 vegetation indices using the programs: GCS GoogleMap, Software Package for TTA APP system / PC Software Package for Agri Assistant System, etc.

3. The necessary amount of non-pathogenic rhizosphere microorganisms, the basis of biological products for the protection of plants with fungicidal and insecticidal action, was produced and maintained, in total 15 strains of bacteria and fungi. Biomass produced by microorganisms - biologically produced active components for plant protection: 250 L

IGFPP and Dron Assistance SRL evaluated the technical capabilities of UAVs for phytosanitary monitoring and the protection of urban green spaces against diseases and pests using biological control methods.

Substage 1.2. Biological control of diseases and pests of plants in green spaces; bioefficiency analysis; database development Increasing the capacity and skills of applying

• IT in the biological control system of pests/diseases of urban green spaces

1. In laboratory microbiological studies, the fungicidal activity of various microorganisms was determined, the three most effective strains were selected.

2. Observations were made on the development dynamics of Cydalima perspectalis in buxus and Cameraria ohridella in chestnut and, additionally, Corythucha arcuata in oak in the pilot plots.

3. Treatments with biological preparations with fungicidal and insecticidal activity of the target plant species were carried out in pilot plots, including the use of UAV spraying.

4. Biocompost analysis: evaluation of the content of nutritional components in dynamics during the composting process.

The high biological efficiency of using ecological methods to control dominant diseases and pests in pilot plots of urban green spaces, including the use of UAVs, has been demonstrated. The optimal compositions, norms, number of treatments and time of application were selected for the use of biopreparations in the conditions of foliar treatments with manual application and with the use of UAV.

• Information network on IT and biotechnologies in the integrated plant protection system

1. An information website was developed in three languages, providing information about the project, its aims, objectives and results; information on methods and effectiveness of biological control of the main diseases and pests of urban plantations, photo and video gallery of project activities and other information.

2. The results of the project were presented at various national and international scientific conferences and symposia.

The IGFPP project team and Drone Assistance SRL participated in 6 international conferences/symposiums with the presentation of the project results (see photo gallery).